IPCC Akronyme
20CR
20th Century Reanalysis
A/R
Afforestation and Reforestation
A1B
Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
AABW
Antarctic bottom water
AAI
Africa Adaptation Initiative
AAIW
Antarctic intermediate water
AAO
Antarctic Oscillation
AAS
Australian Academy of Science
AB
Assembly Bill
ABNJ
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
ABS
Australian Bureau of Statistics
ACC
alternating current
ACCC
Antarctic Circumpolar Current
ACCCRN
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
ACCESS
Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator
ACCMIP
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project
ACCTS
Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability,
ACE
Accumulated Cyclone Energy OR Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre
ACF
areal carbon footprint
ACRE
Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise
ACT
Australian Capital Territory
ADB
Asian Development Bank
ADEME
Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie (French Environment and Energy Management Agency)
ADW
Alternate Drying and Wetting
AED
atmospheric evaporative demand
AEMO
Australian Energy Market Operator
AERONET
Aerosol Robotic Network
AEW
African Easterly Wave
AF
Adaptation Fund OR Africa OR Agroecological Farming OR airborne fraction of CO2
AFD
French Development Agency
AFOLU
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
AFR
Africa
AFSI
Australian Sustainable Finance Initiative
AGAGE
Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
AGCM
atmospheric global climate model
AGFP
absolute global forcing potential
AGR/ECOL
agriculture and ecological droughts
AGTP
absolute global temperature change potential
AGWP
absolute global warming potentials
AHP
Analytic Hierarchy Processing
AI
Artificial Intelligence
AIDR
Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience
AIHW
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
AILAC
Association of the Latin American and Caribbean Countries
AIRS
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
AIS
Antarctic Ice Sheet
AK
Alaska
ALBA
Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América (Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our Americas)
ALCA
Attributional Life Cycle Assessment
ALL
all forcings
ALT
Active Layer Thickness
AM
additive manufacturing
AMIP
Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
AMM
Atlantic Meridional Mode
AMMA
African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
AMO
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
AMOC
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
AMSU
Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
AMV
Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability
ANPP
Annual Net Primary Productivity
AO
Arctic Oscillation
AOD
aerosol optical depth
AOGCM
Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model
AOSIS
Alliance of Small Island States
AP
Antarctic Peninsula
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
APP
Agricultural Adaptation and Perception
APRA
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
AQ
air quality
AR
atmospheric river
AR4
Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
AR5
Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
AR6
Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
AR7
Seventh Assessment Cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ARA
Arab Region of Asia
ARC
African Risk Capacity
ARI
Acute Respiratory Infection
ARO
Arctic Ocean
ARP
Arabian Peninsula
ARPA-E
Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
ARS
Arabian Sea
ART
Architecture for REDD+ Transactions
ASAP
Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme
ASBEC
Australian Sustainable Built Environment Council
ASCM
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
ASE
Amundsen Sea Embayment
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASFI
Australian Sustainable Finance Initiative
ASI
Avoid-Shift-Improve
ASK
available seat kilometres
ASP
Adaptive Social Protection
ATLAS
Adaptation Thought Leadership and Assessments
AU
African Union
AUC
Area under the Curve
AUM
assets under management
AUP
Auckland Unitary Plan
AUS
Australasia
AVHRR
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
AZM
Atlantic Zonal Modes
AerChemMIP
Aerosols and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project
AeroCom
Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models project
AfDB
African Development Bank
AgMIP
Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project
Art.
Article (e.g., of the UNFCCC),
AusMCM
Australian–Maritime Continent monsoon
BAT
best available technology
BAU
Business-as-Usual
BC
black carbon
BCA
border carbon adjustment
BCE
Before the Common Era
BCP
biological carbon pump
BDP
The Bangladesh Delta Plan
BE
Berkeley Earth
BECCS
Bioenergy with Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
BEES
building energy efficiency standards
BEMS
building energy management systems
BEV
battery electric vehicle
BF-BOF
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace
BFV
Barmah Forest Virus
BIM
Building Information Modelling
BIPV
building-integrated photovoltaic
BLUE
Bookkeeping of land-use emissions
BMPs
Best Management Practices
BOB
Bay of Bengal
BOM
Bureau of Meteorology
BORDA
Bremen Overseas Research & Development Association
BP
before the present
BR
biennial report
BRI
Belt and Road Initiative
BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
BRT
bus rapid transport
BSISO
boreal summer intra-seasonal oscillation
BTM
Bhutanese Traditional Medicine
BTR
biennial transparency report
BTU
British thermal units
BUR
bottom up
BVOC
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds
BrC
brown carbon
C&S
Cities and Settlements
C3S
Copernicus Climate Change Service
C4MIP
Coupled Climate Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project
CA
Conservation Agriculture
CAF
Central Africa
CAGR
compound annual growth rate
CAIT
Climate Analysis Indicators Tool
CAM
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
CAMS
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
CAPE
convective available potential energy
CAPEX
capital expenditure
CAR
Climate Action Reserve
CAT
Climate Action Tracker
CAU
Central Australia
CBA
cost-benefit analysis
CBAM
carbon border adjustment mechanism
CBCF
consumption-based carbon footprint (accounting)
CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBDRRC
common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities
CBEs
consumption-based emissions
CBO
Community-Based Organisations
CBs
Central Banks
CCA
Climate-Change Adaptation
CCAC
Climate and Clean Air Coalition
CCAFS
Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
CCATWG
Climate Change Adaptation Technical Working Group
CCC
Climate Change Committee
CCD
climate-compatible development
CCDMF
China Clean Development Mechanism Fund
CCE
Climate-Change Education
CCM
chemistry–climate model
CCMI
Chemistry–Climate Modelling Initiative
CCN
cloud condensation nuclei
CCP
Cross-Chapter Paper
CCPI
Climate Change Performance Index
CCRA
Climate Change Response Act
CCRIF
Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility
CCS
carbon dioxide capture and storage
CCT
cirrus cloud thinning
CCU
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilisation
CCUS
carbon capture, use and storage,
CCX
Chicago Climate Exchange
CD
cooling degree days
CDC
Community Development Committees
CDD
cooling degree-days
CDEM
Civil Defence & Emergency Management
CDIAC
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
CDKN
Climate & Development Knowledge Network
CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
CDMC
Community Disaster Management Committees
CDR
carbon dioxide removal
CDRMIP
Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project
CDW
Circumpolar Deep Water
CE
Common Era
CEA
cost-effectiveness analysis
CEDS
Community Emissions Data System
CEIC
Census and Economic Information Center
CER
Certified Emissions Reduction
CERES
Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System
CES
Cultural Ecosystem Services
CESM
Community Earth System Model
CETA
EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
CFC
Chlorofluorocarbon
CFCs
chlorofluorocarbons
CFL
compact fluorescent lamp [/lighting]
CFM
Community Forest Management
CFMIP
Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project
CFP
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
CFPP
Coal-Fired Power Plant
CFSR
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
CGE
Computable General Equilibrium
CGIAR
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CGRA
Coordinated Global and Regional Assessments
CGTP
combined global temperature change potential
CH
Switzerland
CH4
methane
CH4
methane
CHP
combined heat and power
CICERO
Center for International Climate and Environment Research
CID
climatic impact-driver
CII
Carbon Intensity Indicator
CIS
Climate Information Services
CISM2
Community Ice Sheet Model 2
CLASP
Collaborative Labelling and Appliance Standards Program
CLC
constant land cover
CLCA
Consequential Life Cycle Assessment
CLIMI
Climate Laws, Institutions and Measures Index,
CLLJ
Caribbean low-level jet
CLP
Community Learning Platform
CLRTAP
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
CLSAT
China Land Surface Air Temperature
CLT
cross-laminated timber
CMA
Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement
CMAP
NOAA Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation
CMIP
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
CMIP3
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3
CMIP5
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5
CMIP6
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6
CMR
Crude Mortality Rate
CMSI
Climate Measurement Standards Initiative
CNA
Central North America
CNG
compressed natural gas
CNRM
Centre National de la Recherche Météorologique
CO
carbon monoxide
CO ²-eq
carbon dioxide equivalent
CO ²
carbon dioxide
CO2
emissions
CO2-FFI
CO2 from Fossil Fuel combustion and Industrial processes
CO2-LULUCF
CO2 from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
CO2-eq
carbon dioxide equivalent
COAG
Council of Australian Governments
COBE
Centennial in situ Observation-Based Estimates of Sea Surface Temperature
CODOHSAPA
Centre for Dialogue on Human Settlement and Poverty Alleviation
COMMIT
Climate policy assessment and Mitigation Modelling to Integrate national and global Transition pathways
COP
Conference of the Parties
COP16
16th Session of the Conference of the Parties
COP19
19th Session of the Conference of the Parties
COP26
26th Session of the Conference of the Parties
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CORDEX
Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
CORSIA
Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation
COSMO
Consortium for Small-scale Modeling
COSSAO
Corporacion De Servicios De Salud Y Desarrollo Socioeconemico, El Otoao
COVID-19
coronavirus disease of 2019
CP
Central Pacific
CPA
Conservation Priority Areas
CPI
Climate Policy Integration
CPM
convection-permitting model
CPRS
Climate Policy Relevant Sectors
CPTPP
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
CRA
climate risk and adaptation assessment
CRC
Climate Resilient City
CRD
climate-resilient development
CRDP
Climate Resilient Development Pathway
CRE
cloud radiative effect
CREMAs
Community Resource Management Area Mechanisms (Ghana)
CRF
common reporting format
CRFS
City Region Food System
CRGE
Climate Resilient Green Economy
CRIBs
Climate Relevant Innovation-system Builders
CRIDA
Climate Risk Informed Decision Analysis
CRM
cloud resolving model
CRO
Chief Resilience Officer
CRS
Climate Regime Shifts
CRU
Climate Research Unit
CRUTEM
Climatic Research Unit gridded global historical near-surface air temperature dataset
CRUTS
Climatic Research Unit gridded time-series dataset
CS
Climate Services
CSA
Climate-Smart Agriculture
CSB
Cross-Section Box
CSC
climate-smart cocoa
CSF
Climate-Smart Forestry
CSI
Cement Sustainability Initiative
CSIRO
Commonwealth Scientific Industrial and Research Organisation
CSOs
Combined Sewer Overflows
CSP
concentrating solar power
CSR
corporate social responsibility
CSSP
cross-sector social partnership
CTCN
Climate Technology Centre and Network
CVD
Cardiovascular Disease
CZ
Czech Republic
CanESM2
Canadian Earth System Model version 2
CanESM5
Canadian Earth System Model version 5
CfD
contract for difference
CoA
Commonwealth of Australia
CurPol
Current Policies scenario
DAC
direct air capture
DACCS
direct air carbon capture with carbon storage
DACCU
direct air capture carbon and utilisation
DAE
Direct Access Entities
DAI
Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference
DALY
Disability-Adjusted Life Year
DAMIP
Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project
DAPP
Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning
DBH
diameter at breast height
DC
direct current
DCCEE
Department of Climate Change, Energy and Efficiency
DCPP
Decadal Climate Prediction Project
DE
Germany
DECK
Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima
DEM
Digital Elevation Model
DENR
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DES
Department of Environment and Science
DESA
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
DF
drought frequency
DFIs
Development Finance Institutions
DGVM
dynamic global vegetation model
DGVMs
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
DHW
Degree Heating Weeks
DI
Drought Index
DIC
dissolved inorganic carbon
DINA
Drought Impact and Needs Assessment
DISER
Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources
DIY
Do It Yourself
DJF
December–January–February
DJFM
December–January–February–March
DLS
decent living standards
DMDU
Decision-Making under Deep Uncertainty
DMS
dimethyl sulphide
DOC
Dissolved Organic Carbon
DOM
Dissolved Organic Matter
DRC
Democratic Republic of Congo
DRFIP
Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program
DRI
direct reduced iron
DRM
Disaster Risk Management
DRR
Disaster Risk Reduction
DSM
demand-side management
DSR
Direct-Seeded Rice
DTR
diurnal temperature range
DU
Dobson Units
DWM
down woody material
DeepMIP
Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project
E
Exposure
ELUCland-use change emissions
EAD
Expected Annual Damages
EAF
electric arc furnace
EAIS
East Antarctic Ice Sheet
EAN
East Antarctica
EAO
Equatorial Atlantic Ocean
EAS
East Asia
EASM
East Asian summer monsoon
EAU
Eastern Australia
EAWM
East Asian winter monsoon
EAsiaM
East Asian monsoon
EBAF
CERES Energy Balanced and Filled climate data record
EBEs
extraction-based emissions
EBM
Energy Balance Model
EBS
Eastern Bering Sea
EBSA
Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas
EBUS
Eastern boundary upwelling systems
EC
End-Century
ECB
European Central Bank
ECMWF
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
ECOSOC
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations
ECS
equilibrium climate sensitivity
ECV
Essential Climate Variable
ECWL
Extreme Coastal Water Level
EDCD
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
EDGAR
Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research
EDLC
electrochemical double layer capacitor
EDRM
Emergency and Disaster Risk Management
EDW
elevation-dependent warming
EEA
European Environment Agency
EECO
Early Eocene Climatic Optimum
EED
Energy Efficiency Directive
EEDI
Energy Efficiency Design Index
EEE
emissions embodied in exports
EES
electrical energy storage
EET
emissions embodied in trade
EEU
Eastern Europe
EEXI
Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index
EEZ
Exclusive Economic Zone
EF
emission factor
EFRs
Environmental Flow Requirements
EGR
exhaust gas recirculation
EGTT
Expert Group on Technology Transfer
EIA
Energy Information Administration
EIMs
Energy Improvement Mortgages
EIO
Equatorial Indian Ocean
EIP
energy and industrial processes
EJ
exajoule
EKC
Environmental Kuznets Curve
EMAS
Eco-Management and Auditing Scheme
EMIC
Earth models of intermediate complexity
ENA
Eastern North America
ENACTS
East Africa and the West African Sahel
ENSO
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
EOF
empirical orthogonal function
EOV
Essential Ocean Variable
EP
Environmental Peacebuilding
EPA
USA Environmental Protection Agency
EPBD
Energy Performance Buildings Directive
EPCs
Energy Performance Certificates
EPD
Environmental Product Declaration
EPO
Equatorial Pacific Ocean
EPR
extended producer responsibility
EPS
Emissions Performance Standard
ERA-Interim
ECMWF global reanalysis
ERA20C
ECMWF 20th century reanalysis
ERA20CM
ECMWF 20th century atmospheric model ensemble
ERA5
ECMWF global reanalysis (replaces
ERF
effective radiative forcing
ERFaci
effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions
ERFari
effective radiative forcing due to in aerosol–radiation interactions
ERIA
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia
ERSST
Extended Reconstructed Sea
ES
Spain
ES-FiT
Energy Savings Feed-in Tariff
ESA
European Space Agency
ESA CCI
European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative
ESAF
East Southern Africa
ESB
East Siberia
ESCC
Earth Systems and Climate Change
ESCI
Electricity Sector Climate Information
ESCO
Energy Service Company
ESD
education for sustainable development
ESG
environmental, social and governance,
ESGF
Earth System Grid Federation
ESL
extreme sea level
ESM
energy systems model
ESMValTool
Earth System Model Evaluation Tool
ESRL
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
ESW
Economic and Sector Work
ESWL
extreme still water levels
ET
evapotranspiration
ETC
extratropical cyclone
ETCCDI
Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices
ETP Energy Technology Perspectives
(IEA report)
ETS
Emissions Trading System
ETWL
Extreme Total Water Level
EU
European Union
EU ETS
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
EU-27
European Union member states [excluding UK]
EU-28
European Union member states [including UK]
EU-RED
EU Renewable Energy Directive
EV
electric vehicle
EW
enhanced weathering
EWFD
European Water Framework Directive
EWS
Early Warning System
EaaS
energy as a service
EbA
Ecosystem-based Adaptation
EgC
exagrams of carbon (1000 petagrams of carbon)
EqAmer
equatorial America
F-gas
fluorinated gas
F-gases
Fluorinated gases
FACE
Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
FAPAR
fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
FAR
IPCC First Assessment Report
FBD
Food-Borne Disease
FCDO
UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office,
FCV
fuel cell vehicle
FD
frost days
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
FEDURP
Federation of the Urban and Rural Poor
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
FESOM
Finite Element Sea ice/Ice Shelf Ocean Model
FEW
Food-Energy-Water
FFDI
Forest Fire Danger Index
FFI
Fossil-Fuel combustion and Industrial processes
FIC
Faster Innovation Case
FLEGT
Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade,
FLW
food loss and waste
FMU
Forest Management Unit
FOLU
forestry and other land use
FPIC
Free Prior and Informed Consent
FR
France
FRAND
fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory,
FSC
Forest Sustainability Council
FT
Fischer-Tropsch
FTA
free trade agreement
FW
Fire Weather
FWL
Freshwater Lens
FWM
fine woody material
FYROM
North Macedonia
FaIR
Finite Amplitude Impulse Response
FiT
feed-in tariff
FiTP
feed-in premium
Fish-MIP
Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project
G20
Group of Twenty
GAMI
Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative
GAST
Global Mean Surface Air Temperature
GATS
General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GBAM
ground-based albedo modifications
GBCA
Green Building Council of Australia
GBP
Great Britain Pound
GBR
Great Barrier Reef
GBRMPA
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
GCAM
Global Change Assessment Model
GCCA
Global Cement and Concrete Association
GCF
Green Climate Fund
GCM
Global Climate Model
GCOS
Global Climate Observing System
GCP
Global Carbon Project
GCoM
Global Covenant of Mayors
GDD
growing degree days
GDE
Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystem
GDP
gross domestic product
GEA
Global Energy Assessment
GEF
Global Environment Facility
GFBI
Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative
GFCA
Global Framework for Climate Action
GFCF
Gross-fixed capital formation
GFCS
Global Framework for Climate Services
GFDL
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GFED
Global Fire Emissions Database
GHA
Greater Horn of Africa
GHCN
NOAA Global Historical Climatology Network
GHCNd
NOAA Global Historical Climatology Network daily database
GHCNv4
NOAA Global Historical Climatology Network monthly database version 4
GHG
greenhouse gas
GHM
global hydrological model
GI
Gastrointestinal
GIA
glacial isostatic adjustment
GIC
Greenland/Iceland
GIS
global innovation system
GISS
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies
GISTEMP
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Surface Temperature Analysis
GIZ
the German Development Agency
GJ
gigajoule
GLDAS
Global Land Data Assimilation System
GLEON
Global Lakes Ecological Observatory Network
GLOF
Glacial Lake Outburst Flood
GM
Global monsoon
GMMIP
Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project
GMRIO
global multi-region input-output
GMSL
global mean sea level
GMSLR
Global Mean Sea Level Rise
GMST
global mean surface temperature
GMT
Global Mean Temperature
GMTSL
global mean thermosteric sea level
GNI
gross national income
GNSS
Global Navigation Satellite System
GOA-ON
Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network
GOME
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOSAT
Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
GPCC
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
GPCP
Global Precipitation Climatology Project
GPG
Good Practice Guidance
GPM
Global Precipitation Mission
GPP
Gross Primary Production
GPS
Global Positioning System
GPT
general-purpose technologies
GQL
Good Quality of Life
GRACE
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
GRD
gravitational, rotational and deformational
GRDC
Global Runoff Data Centre
GSAT
global surface air temperature
GSMaP
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation dataset
GTEM
global transport energy sectoral models
GTP
global temperature change potential
GW
Gigawatt
GWL
global warming level
GWP
global warming potential
GWP100
Global Warming Potential over a 100 year time horizon
GWR
Geographically Weighted Regression
GWRC
Greater Wellington Regional Council
GWSHP
Groundwater-Source Heat Pumps
GWSI
Global Water Security Index
GeoMIP
Geoengineering Model
GlacierMIP
Glacier Model Intercomparison Project
GloGEM
Global Glacier Evolution Model
GrIS
Greenland Ice Sheet
Gt
Gigatonnes
GtC
gigatonnes of carbon
GtCO2
gigatonnes of carbon dioxide
GtCO2-eq
gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent
H
Hazard
H-DRI
Hydrogen-based direct reduced iron
HAB
Harmful Algal Bloom
HAP
household air pollution
HC
Hadley circulation
HCE
historical cumulative emission
HCFC
hydrochlorofluorocarbon
HCFCs
hydrochlorofluorocarbons
HCS
High Carbon Stock
HCSA
High Carbon Stock Areas
HCVA
High Conservation Value Areas
HD
heating degree days
HDD
Heat Degree Days
HDI
Human Development Index
HDSR
Health and Disability System Review
HDV
Heavy-duty vehicles
HELP
High Level Experts and Leaders Panel
HEMS
home energy management system
HES
Hybrid energy storage
HEV
hybrid electric vehicle
HFC
hydrofluorocarbon
HFCV
hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
HFCs
Hydrofluorocarbons
HFRS
Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
HI
heat index
HIHD
Historical Index of Human Development
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HKH
Hindu Kush Himalaya
HLD
High Latitude Dust
HLPF
High-Level Political Forum
HN
Houghton and Nassikas
HNO3
nitric acid
HNPP
Herbaceous Net Primary Productivity
HPLE
High Level Panel of Experts
HRBA
Human Rights-Based Approach
HSR
high-speed rail
HVAC
heating, ventilation and air conditioning,
HVO
hydrotreated vegetable oil
HYDE
History database of the Global Environment
HadCM3
Hadley Center Coupled Model
HadCRUT
Hadley Centre Climatic Research Unit gridded surface temperature dataset
HadEX3
Hadley Centre gridded land surface extremes indices
HadGEM
Hadley Centre Global Environment Model
HadISST
Hadley Centre Ice and Sea Surface Temperature dataset
HadSST
Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature dataset
HighResMIP
High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project
IAGA
International Air Transport Association
IAGOS
In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System
IAM
integrated assessment model
IAS
Invasive Alien Species
IBAI
Index-Based Agricultural Insurance
IBE
income-based emission accounting
ICA
Insurance Council of Australia
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
ICCT
International Council on Clean Transportation
ICE
internal combustion engine
ICESat
Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite
ICEV
internal combustion engine vehicles
ICLEI
Local Governments for Sustainability
ICM
Integrated Coastal Management
ICNZ
Insurance Council of New Zealand
ICOADS
International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set
ICRI
International Coral Reef Initiative
ICT
Information and Communications Technology
ICV
Instituto Centro de Vida
ICZM
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
ID
Insufficient Data
IDDRI
Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations
IDF
International Diabetes Foundation
IDMC
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDP
Internally Displaced People
IEA
International Energy Agency
IEA-STEPS
International Energy Agency Stated Policies Scenario
IFC
International Finance Corporation
IFDD
Institut de la Francophonie pour le Développement Durable (Francophonie Institute for Sustainable Development)
IFI
international financial institution
IFPRI
International Food Policy Research Institute
IGCC
Investor Group on Climate Change
IHME
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
IIASA
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
IIED
International Institute for Environment and Development
IIGCC
Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change
IIoT
industrial internet of things
ILB
incandescent light bulb
ILM
intrusive load monitoring
ILUC
Indirect Land-Use Change
IMBIE
Ice Sheet Mass Balance Intercomparison Exercise
IMF
International Monetary Fund
IMO
International Maritime Organization
IMP
Illustrative Mitigation Pathway
IMP-GS
Illustrative Mitigation Pathway - Gradual Strengthening
IMP-LD
Illustrative Mitigation Pathway - Low Demand
IMP-Neg
Illustrative Mitigation Pathway - Net Negative Emissions
IMP-Ren
Illustrative Mitigation Pathway - Renewable Electricity
IMP-SP
Illustrative Mitigation Pathway - Shifting Pathways
INDC
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
INP
ice nucleating particle
IOB
Indian Ocean Basin
IOD
Indian Ocean Dipole
IP
Illustrative Pathway
IP-ModAct
Illustrative Pathway Moderate Action
IPBES
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPLC
Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities
IPO
Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation
IPP
independent power producers
IPPU
Industrial processes and product use
IPR
intellectual property rights
IPSL
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
IQR
Interquartile Range
IRENA
International Renewable Energy Agency
IRF
instantaneous radiative forcing
IRFaci
Instantaneous radiative forcing (or effect) due to aerosol-cloud interactions
IRGC
International Risk Governance Council
ISIMIP
Inter-Sectoral Impacts Model Intercomparison Project
ISME
International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
IT
Italy
ITCZ
Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
ITF
International Transport Forum
ITMO
internationally transferred mitigation outcome
ITUC
International Trade Union Confederation
IUCN
International Union for the Conservation of Nature
IUWN
Integrated Urban Water Management
IVA
Integrated Vulnerability Assessments
IWGIA
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
IWRM
Integrated Water Resource Management
Intercomparison
Project
IoT
internet of things
JAS
July–August–September
JAXA
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JICA
Japanese International Cooperation Agency
JJA
June–July–August
JJAS
June–July–August–September
JMA
Japan Meteorological Agency
JRA-55
Japanese 55-year Reanalysis
JRC
Joint Research Centre
K1
Mountain Delineation
K2
Mountain Delineation
K3
Mountain Delineation
KNOMAD
Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development
KR
Key Risk
L&D
Losses and Damages
LAI
leaf area index
LAM
Latin America and the Caribbean
LAP
light-absorbing particle
LARMIP
Linear Antarctic Response Model Intercomparison Project
LC-PUFAs
Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
LCA
life cycle assessment or,life cycle analysis,
LCC
lifecycle costs
LCCC
levelised cost of conserved carbon
LCCE
levelised cost of conserved energy
LCOE
Levelized Cost of Energy
LCP
Local Community Perception
LCS
low-carbon society
LDC
Least Developed Countries
LDCF
Least Developed Country Fund
LDCs
Least-Developed Countries
LDN
Land Degradation Neutrality
LDT
Last deglacial transition
LDV
light-duty vehicle
LEAF
Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance
LECZ
Low-Elevation Coastal Zone
LED
light-emitting diode
LED scenario
Low Energy Demand scenario
LEDS
Low Emission Development Strategies
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LEED-ND
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - Neighbourhood Design
LEO
low Earth orbit
LGBTQI
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex
LGM
Last Glacial Maximum
LGNZ
Local Government of New Zealand
LI
Lithuania
LIB
lithium-ion battery
LIG
Last Interglacial
LIMIC
Low-Income and Medium-Income Countries
LK
Local Knowledge
LLGHG
long-lived greenhouse gas
LLHI
Low-likelihood, high-impact
LMMA
Locally Managed Marine Area
LNG
liquefied natural gas
LNOx
lightning NOx
LPG
liquefied petroleum gas
LR
lapse rate
LSAT
land surface air temperature
LSLA
Large-Scale Land Acquisition
LTGG
long-term global goal (to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels)
LTO
long-term operation
LTP
Long-Term Plan
LU
Luxembourg
LUC
land-use change
LULUC
Land Use and Land-Use Change
LULUCF
Land Use,Land-Use Change and Forestry
LUM
land-use model
LW
longwave
LWP
liquid water path
LWS
land-water storage
Li-on
Lithium-ion
LiRE
IMAGE-Lifestyle-Renewable (IEA scenario)
MA
Mitigation Alliance
MAC
marginal abatement costmbpd,million barrels per day,
MAGICC
Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Induced Climate Change
MAM
March–April–May
MAP
Municipal Adaptation Plan
MAR
Managed Aquifer Recharge
MAT
marine air temperature
MBIE
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
MC
Mid-Century
MCB
marine cloud brightening
MCDA
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
MCO
Miocene Climatic Optimum
MCP
Maximum Catch Potential
MCPP
Municipal Climate Protection Programme
MCS
mesoscale convective system
MD
Mega-Drought
MDB
Murray-Darling Basin
MDG
Millennium Development Goal
MEA
material efficiency
MEASO
Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean
MED
Mediterranean
MEE
Ministry of Ecology and Environment
MEFF
Mediterranean Flood Fatalities Database
MEL
Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning
MENA
Middle East North Africa
MEPC
Marine Environment Protection Committee
MEPSs
Minimum Energy Performance Standards
MERI
Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting and Improvement
MERRA
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
MERS
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
MES
material efficiency scenario
METACLIP
Metadata for climate products project
MFP
Multistakeholder Forestry Programme
MGNREGA
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MH
mid-Holocene
MHW
Marine Heatwaves
MI
Myocardial Infarction
MICI
marine ice cliff instability
MIGA
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MIP
Model Intercomparison Project
MIPs
Model Intercomparison Projects
MIROC
Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate
MIS
mission-oriented innovation systems
MISI
marine ice sheet instability
MISMIP
Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Projects
MJ
megajoule
MJO
Madden–Julian Oscillation
MLO
Mauna Loa Observatory
MLP
multi-level perspective
MME
multi-model ensemble
MMT
Minimum Mortality Temperature
MOC
meridional overturning circulation
MODIS
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MOE
molten oxide electrolysis
MOOC
massive open online course
MPI
Multidimensional Poverty Index
MPWP
mid-Pliocene Warm Period
MPa
megapascal
MRI
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency
MRV
Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
MS
member state
MSD
midsummer drought
MSFD
Marine Strategy Framework Directive
MSL
Mean Sea Level
MSME
micro, small and medium enterprises,
MSP
Marine Spatial Planning
MSRI
Modified System of Rice Intensification
MSSD
Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development
MSY
Maximum Sustainable Yields
MTA
methanol-to-aromatics
MTE
Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems
MTFR
maximum technically feasible reductions
MTO
methanol-to-olefins
MWh
megawatt hour
MaaS
Mobility as a Service
MeHg
Methylmercury
MfE
Ministry for the Environment
Mha
million hectares
Mkm2
million square kilometres
ModAct
Moderate Action scenario
Mt
megatonne
N ²O
nitrous oxide
N2O
nitrous oxide
NADW
North Atlantic Deep Water
NAF
North Africa and Middle East
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
NAHS
National Aboriginal Health Strategy
NAM
Northern Annular Mode
NAMA
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
NAO
North Atlantic Oscillation
NAP
national adaptation plan
NAPA
National Adaptation Programmes of Action
NARCCAP
North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program
NAS
National Adaptation Strategy
NASA
USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASH
North Atlantic Subtropical High
NAU
Northern Australia
NAZCA
Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Action
NAmerM
North American monsoon
NBI
Nile Basin Initiative
NBP
Net Biome Productivity
NCA
Northern Central America
NCAR
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NCCARF
National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility
NCCRS
National Climate Change Response Strategy
NCEI
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
NCEP
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction
NDC
Nationally Determined Contributions
NDD
number of dry days
NDVI
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NE
Northeast
NEAF
North Eastern Africa
NEDO
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organisation, Japan,
NELD
non-economic loss and damage
NEN
North-Eastern North America
NEP
Net Ecosystem Production
NES
North-Eastern South America
NESP
National Environmental Science Program
NEU
Northern Europe
NEUS
European Arctic Waters
NF
Near Future
NF3
Nitrogen trifluoride
NFM
Natural Flood Management
NGFS
Network for Greening the Financial System
NGO
Non-Governmental Organisation
NH
Northern Hemisphere
NH3
ammonia
NH4
ammonium
NHS
National Health Service
NIES
National Institute for Environmental Studies
NILM
non-intrusive load monitoring
NIS
national innovation system
NIWA
National Institute of Water and Air
NL
Netherlands
NMAT
nighttime marine air temperature
NMHS
National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
NMVOC
non-methane volatile organic compounds
NO2
nitrogen dioxide
NO3
nitrate
NOAA
USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAAGlobalTemp
NOAA Merged Land Ocean Global Surface Temperature Analysis
NOx
nitrogen oxides
NPO
North Pacific Ocean
NPP
Nuclear Power Plants
NR
Non-Residential
NRG
natural regrowth
NSA
Northern South America
NSR
Northern Sea Route
NSTT
North-South technology transfer and cooperation
NSW
New South Wales
NT
Non-technological
NTDs
Neglected Tropical Diseases
NTEM
national transport -energy models
NTFPs
Non-Timber Forest Products
NUA
New Urban Agenda
NWN
North-Western North America
NWP
Northwest Passages
NWS
Northwestern South America
NYCEDC
New York City Economic Development Corporation
NYDF
New York Declaration on Forests
NZ
New Zealand
NZCFSF
New Zealand Centre for Sustainable Finance
NZE
net zero emissions
NZE scenario
Net-Zero Emissions by 2050 (IEA scenario)
NZEB
net zero energy building nZEB,nearly zero energy building,
NbS
Nature-Based Solutions
NiCD
nickel-cadmium
NiMH
nickel-metal hydride
Nimby
Not in my back yard
NorESM
Norwegian Earth System Model
O3
Ozone
OA
organic aerosols
OAC
ocean albedo change
OAE
ocean alkalinity enhancement
OC
organic carbon
OCLTT
Capacity-Limited Thermal Tolerance
ODA
overseas development assistance
ODS
ozone-depleting substance
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECM
Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures
OEH
Office of Environment and Heritage
OH
hydroxyl radical
OHC
ocean heat content
OHRLLS
United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States
OLR
outgoing longwave radiation
OLS
ordinary least squares
OMI
Ozone Monitoring Instrument
OMIP
Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
OMVS
Senegal River Basin Organisation
OMZ
Oxygen Minimum Zones
OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPEX
operating and maintenance expenditures
OS
overshoot
OSPAR
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic
OSS
one-stop shop
OW
The Office of Water
P2P
peer-to-peer
PA
The Paris Agreement
PACE
Property Assessed Clean Energy
PACJA
Pan Africa Climate Justice Alliance
PAGCC
Gender and Climate Change Action Plans
PAGES
2K Past Global Changes 2k consortium
PBEs
production-based emissions
PC
principal component
PCB
Polychlorinated Biphenyl
PCCB
Paris Committee on Capacity-buildingand Financing Initiative
PCE
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment
PDB
public development bank
PDO
Pacific Decadal Oscillation
PDRC
People’s Democratic Republic of Congo
PDS
Public Distribution System
PDSI
Palmer Drought Severity Index
PDV
Pacific Decadal Variability
PEFC
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification
PEMFC
proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
PERSIANN-CDR
Precipitation estimations from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks Climate Data Record
PES
Payments for Ecosystem Services
PET
Potential Evapotranspiration
PETM
Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
PFC
Perfluorocarbon
PFCs
perfluorocarbons
PHEV
plug-in hybrid electric vehiclepkm,passenger-kilometres,
PICSA
Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture
PIDA
African Union’s Programme for Infrastructure Development
PIDACC
Programmes for Integrated Development and Adaptation to Climate Change
PM
particulate matter
PM10
particulate matter with diameter of less than 10 microns
PM2.5
particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 microns
PMIP
Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project
POA
primary organic aerosols
POC
Particulate Organic Carbon
POMS
Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome
POP
Persistent Organic Pollutant
PP
primary production
PPA
Power Purchase Agreement
PPADI
Human Development Index, Recently Adjusted to Reflect the Effect of Planetary Pressures
PPCA
Powering Past Coal Alliance
PPCR
Pilot Program for Climate Resilience
PPI
pulp and paper industry
PPP
purchasing power parity
PRI
Principles for Responsible Investment
PSI
Principles for Sustainable Insurance
PSNP
Productive Safety Net Programme
PSS-78
Practical Salinity Scale 1978
PTSD
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
PV
photovoltaic
PWC
Physical Work Capacity
PWLM
Participatory Watershed Land-Use Management
Pas
Protected Areas
PgC
petagrams of carbon
PgCeq
petagrams of carbon equivalent
PlioMIP
Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project
QBO
quasi-biennial oscillation
QE
quantitative easing
QFCI
Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry
QFES
Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
QOL
Quality of Life
R&D
Research and Development
RAR
Russian Arctic Region
RAWES
Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services
RBNZ
Reserve Bank of New Zealand
RCB
Remaining Carbon Budget
RCEP
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
RCM
regional climate model
RCMIP
Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project
RCP
Representative Concentration Pathway
RCPs
Representative Concentration Pathways
RCSA
Rwanda Climate Services Programme
RD&D
research, development and demonstration,
RDI
Research, Development and Innovation,
RDM
Robust Decision-Making
RE
Renewable Energy
RECC
Resource Efficiency and Climate Change
RECC-LED
Resource Efficiency and Climate Change-Low Energy Demand (IEA scenario)
REDD
Reduction of Emissions From Deforestation and Forest Degradation
REDD+
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks,
REEs
rare earth elements
REGEN
Rainfall Estimates on a Gridded Network
RF
radiative forcing
RFC
Reasons for Concern
RFCs
Reasons for Concern
RFE
Russian Far East
RFMIP
Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project
RFMO
Regional Fisheries Management Organisation
RGGI
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
RH
relative humidity
RICH
Radiosonde Innovation Composite Homogenization
RIMAP
Real-time Integrated Model for probabilistic Assessment of emissions Paths
RIO
Rational Impartial Observer
RIS
regional innovation systems
RIT
Resilient Infrastructure and Technologies
RKR
Representative Key Risk
RMB
Renminbi
RO
radio occultation
ROSES
Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses
RRV
Ross River Virus
RSD
relative standard deviation
RSL
relative sea level
RSLR
Relative Sea-Level Rise
RSPO
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
RTI
Respiratory Tract Infection
RTS
Reference Technology Scenario
RVF
Rift Valley Fever
ReSOLVE
Regenerate, Share, Optimise, Loop, Virtualise, Exchange framework,
S&L
standards and labelling
SAF
sustainable aviation fuel
SAH
Sahara
SAI
stratospheric aerosol interventions
SAIA
South African Insurance Association
SAIIA
South African Institute of International Affairs
SAM
Southern Annular Mode
SAO
South Atlantic Ocean
SAOD
stratospheric aerosol optical depth
SAR
Second Assessment Report
SARF
stratospheric-temperature-adjusted radiative forcing
SARPs
Standards and Recommended Practices
SAS
South Asia
SASB
Sustainability Accounting Standards Board
SASSCAL
Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change, Adaptive Land Management
SAT
surface air temperature
SAU
Southern Australia
SAmerM
South American monsoon
SAsiaM
South and South East Asian monsoon
SBSTA
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
SBT
science-based target
SC
Sponge City
SCA
Southern Central America
SCC
social cost of carbon
SCCF
Special Climate Change Fund
SCE
snow cover extent
SCM
simple climate model
SCS
soil carbon sequestration
SD
Sustainable Development
SDG
Sustainable Development Goals
SDM
Species Distribution Model
SDP
Sustainable Development Pathway
SDPS
shifting development pathways to increased sustainability
SDR
Special Drawing Rights
SDS
Sustainable Development Scenario (IEA scenario)
SDSN
Sustainable Development Solutions Network
SE
sustainable entrepreneur
SEA
strategic environmental assessment
SEADRIF
South East Asian Disaster Risk Insurance Facility
SEAF
South Eastern Africa
SEC
specific energy consumption
SECA
sulphur emission control area
SED
Structured Expert Dialogue
SEEA
System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
SEEMP
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
SEJ
Structured Expert Judgement
SEM
structural equations modelling
SER
Sufficiency, Efficiency, Renewal,
SES
Southeast South America
SETAC
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP-SETAC)
SETS
Social, Ecological and Technological Systems
SEU
Southern Europe
SEUS
Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
SF6
sulphur hexafluoride
SH
Southern Hemisphere
SHELF
Sheffield Elicitation Framework
SI
sustainable intensification
SIA
sea ice area
SIDS
Small Island Developing States
SIE
sea ice extent
SIS
sectoral innovation system
SITES
Sustainable Sites Initiative
SL
Slovenia
SLCF
short-lived climate forcer
SLE
sea level equivalent
SLM
sustainable land management
SLP
sea level pressure
SLR
sea level rise
SLURC
Sierra Leone Urban Research Centre
SM
Supplementary Material
SMAP
Soil Moisture Active Passive
SMART
Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel
SMB
surface mass balance
SME
Small and Medium Enterprises
SMEs
small and medium-sized enterprises
SMILE
single-model initial-condition large ensemble
SNA
System of National Accounts
SNTT
South-North technology transfer and cooperation
SO2
sulphur dioxide
SO4^2-
sulphate
SOA
secondary organic aerosols
SOC
Soil Organic Carbon
SOE
state-owned enterprise
SOFC
solid oxide fuel cell
SOI
Southern Oscillation Index
SOM
Soil Organic Matter
SON
September–October–November
SOO
Southern Ocean
SOx
sulphur oxides
SP
Social Protection
SPCZ
South Pacific Convergence Zone
SPEI
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
SPI
Standardized Precipitation Index
SPM
Summary for Policymakers
SPO
South Pacific Ocean or South Pole Observatory
SPP
State Planning Policy
SPV
special purpose vehicle
SR1.5
Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C
SRA
Social Responsibility Agreements
SRCCL
Special Report on Climate Change and Land
SRES
Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
SREX
IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
SRI
Sustainable and Responsible Investment
SRM
solar radiation modification
SROCC
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
SRTM
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SSA
Southern South America
SSC
South-South cooperation
SSP
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
SSR
Seasonal Severity Rating
SST
sea surface temperature
SSTT
South-South technology transfer and cooperation
SSW
sudden stratospheric warming
STE
stratosphere–troposphere exchange
STEM
science, technology, engineering and mathematics,
STEPS
Stated Policies Scenario
STFM
Sustainable Tropical Forest Management
STI
Science, Technology and Innovation
SUV
sport utility vehicle
SW
shortwave
SWE
snow water equivalent
SWM
Sustainable Water Management
SWP
Soil Water Potential
SWS
South-Western South America
SWV
stratospheric water vapour
SYR
Synthesis Report
ScenarioMIP
Scenario Model Intercomparison Project
Surface
Temperature
T-FACE
Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement
TA
territorial accounting
TABS
thermally activated building systems
TAR
Third Assessment Report
TAV
Tropical Atlantic Variability
TBT Agreement
WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
TC
tropical cyclone
TCBA
technology-adjusted consumption-based emission accounting
TCFD
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures
TCR
transient climate response
TCRE
transient climate response to cumulative
TCWV
total column water vapour
TCs
Tropical Cyclones
TDR
travel demand reduction
TEC
Technology Executive Committee
TEEB
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
TEG CRM
Technical Expert Group on Comprehensive Risk Management
TEU
Twenty-Foot Container Equivalent Units
TEUS
European Temperate Seas
TFC
total final energy consumption
TFP
Total Factor Productivity
TGC
tradeable green certificatetkm,tonne-kilometre,
TGCs
Tradable Green Certificates
THI
Temperature Humidity Index
TIA
Tourism Industry Aotearoa
TIB
Tibetan Plateau
TK
Traditional Knowledge
TLAS
Timber Legality Assurance System
TMNs
Transnational Municipal Networks
TMSP
Transboundary Marine Spatial Planning
TN
Tropical Nights
TNA
technology needs assessment
TNn
annual minimum daily minimum temperature
TNx
annual maximum daily minimum temperature
TOA
the net top-of-the-atmosphere
TOD
transit-oriented development
TPES
total primary energy supply
TPI
tripole Index
TRA
technology readiness assessment
TRIPS Agreement
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement
TRL
technology readiness level
TRMM
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
TS
Technical Summary
TSI
total solar irradiance
TSR
Transpolar Sea Route
TSRA
Torres Strait Regional Authority
TSU
Technical Support Unit
TURFs
Territorial Use Rights for Fishing
TW
terawatt
TWS
Terrestrial Water Storage
TWS-DSI
Terrestrial Water Storage-Drought Severity Index
TWWHA
Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area
Tg
teragrams
ThSL
thermosteric sea level
ToE
time of emergence
TrC
triangular cooperation
UA
Urban Agriculture
UAH
University of Alabama in Huntsville
UCDP
Uppsala Conflict Data Program
UCLG
United Cities and Local Governments
UF
utility factor
UHC
Universal Health Coverage
UHI
urban heat island
UKCCC
United Kingdom Climate Change Committee
ULCS
ultra-low carbon steel
UN
United Nations
UNCCD
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCRD
United Nations Centre for Regional Development
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee
UNICEF
United Nations Children’s Fund
UNOSSC
United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation
UPA
Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture
US DOE
United States Department of Energy
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
USD
US dollar
USGS
United States Geological Survey
UTLS
upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
UV
ultraviolet
UVic
ESCM University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model
V
Vulnerability
V1G
controlled charging (of an electric vehicle)
V2G
vehicle-to-grid
VBD
Vector-Borne Disease
VC
venture capital
VCS
Verified Carbon Standard of the Verra programmevkm,vehicle-kilometre,
VF
Vertical Farming
VKT
vehicle kilometres travelled
VLM
vertical land motion
VLR
Voluntary Local Review
VOC
volatile organic compounds
VOD
Vegetation Optical Depth
VPD
vapour pressure deficit
VSLS
very short-lived halogenated species
VaR
Value at Risk
VoCC
Velocity of Climate Change
W
Western
WAF
Western Africa
WAIS
West Antarctic Ice Sheet
WAN
West Antarctica
WASCAL
West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management
WASH
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
WAfriM
West African monsoon
WBC
western boundary current
WBCSD
World Business Council on Sustainable Development
WBD
Waterborne Disease
WBGT
wet bulb globe temperature
WC
Walker circulation
WCA
West Central Asia
WCE
Western Central Europe
WCRP
World Climate Research Programme
WEF
World Economic Forum
WEFN
water-energy-food nexus
WEMA
Water Efficient Maize for Africa
WEO
World Energy Outlook
WEU
Western Europe
WFP
World Food Programme
WG
Working Group
WGI
Working Group I
WGII
Working Group II
WGIII
Working Group III
WGWDGD
Wet Get Wetter, Dry Get Drier
WHO
World Health Organization
WHP
waste heat to power
WIM
Warsaw International Mechanism
WMGHG
well-mixed greenhouse gas
WMO
World Meteorological Organization
WNA
Western North America
WNF
West Nile Fever
WNP
Western North Pacific
WOA18
World Ocean Atlas 2018
WRAP
Waste and Resources Action Programme
WSAA
Water Services Association of Australia
WSAF
West Southern Africa
WSB
Wilkes Subglacial Basin
WSI
Water Scarcity Index
WSUD
Water Sensitive Urban Design
WTO
World Trade Organization
WTP
willingness to pay
WTTC
World Travel&Tourism Council
WTU
Water Treatment Unit
WUE
water-use efficiency
WUI
Wildland-Urban Interface
WWF
World Wildlife Fund
Wm-2
Watts per square meter
YCS
Yield Constraint Score
YJ
yottajoule, 10^24 joules
YLD
Years of Life Lived with Disability
YLL
Years of Life Lost
ZEC
zero emissions commitment
ZEV
zero emission vehicle
ZJ
zettajoule, 10^21 joules